Abstract: With the increasing complexity of cluster applications, the limitations of traditional cluster control methods have become increasingly evident. To address this, this paper proposes a novel blockchain-based cluster control system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters. The system adopted a decentralized architecture (ranging from multi-centralized to fully decentralized) to distribute computational and communication loads, thereby enhancing fault tolerance. Blockchain technology ensured data consistency among distributed entities and mitigates error propagation, while smart contracts guaranteed trusted execution of control plans. Based on this system, applications for UAV formation control, cluster state monitoring, and adaptive formation transformation were designed. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves significant cluster control effectiveness and effectively improves fault tolerance.